Latvian Language Basics
SPEAK LATVIAN IN 5 MINUTES OR LESS!
Latvians are proud of their language, and are pleased if you try to speak it. While it’s easy to find people who speak English in Riga, it’s less common in rural areas. Many Latvian words are pronounced the way they’re spelled—this makes it fairly easy to jump from reading Latvian words to saying them. As for what you’re actually saying…stay out of trouble, and get a jump start right here. Latvian words are on the left, phonetic pronunciation is in the middle, and translation is on the right.
R-remember to r-r-r-roll you r’s.
A good Latvian-English dictionary is a great friend—try http://dictionary.site.lv
To make the most of one, enable the Latvian alphabet in your device’s settings. There can be a big difference between a word spelled with a long or short vowell!
But don’t worry—you’re always safe to just nod and say “labrīt!”
THE BASICS
Sveiki! (SVAY•ki) Greetings!
Labrīt! (lahb•REET) Good morning!
Labdien! (lahb•DIEN) Hello! Good day!
Labvakar! (lahb•VAHK•ar) Good evening
Uz redzēšanos! (ooz REDZ•eh•sha•nuos) Good bye!
Attā! (ah•TAH) Bye!
Paldies (pahl•DIES) Thank you!
Lūdzu (LOO•dzoo) Please. You’re welcome!
Kā tev iet? (kaah tev iet?) How do you do?
labi (LAHB•i) good
slikti (SLIK•ti) bad
Mans vārds ir… (mahns vaahrds ir…) My name is…
Jā (jaah) yes
Nē (neh) no
Es nezinu (es NEH•zi•nu) I don’t know
Kā saka… (kaah sah•kah) How do you say…
Ko tu dari? (Ko tu DAH•ri?) What are you doing?
Meklēju… (MEK•lay•oo) I’m looking for…
ir/ nav (ir/ nahv) is/ is not
Kur ir…? (Koor ir) Where is (person, place, thing)?
Kas ir…? (Kahs ir) What is (thing)?
Kas ir tas? (Kahs ir tahs) What is that?
Vai te var dabūt (…)? (vai te var DAH•boot) Can I get (…) here?
Vai te var dabūt ēst? (vai te var DAH•boot ehst) Can I get something to eat here?
Vai te var dabūt alu? (vai te var DAH•boot alu) Can I get beer here?
Eju uz (…) (AY•oo ooz) I’m going to (a place)
Vai tu eji uz (…)? (vai too AY•i ooz) Are you going to (a place)?
Eju mājās (AY•oo MAAH•yaahs) I’m going home
Ejam! (AY•ahm) Let’s go!
TELLING TIME
Cik ir pulkstens? (tsik ir PULK•stens) What time is it?
Ir pulkstens viens, divi… (ir PULK•stens viens, DEE•vi) It’s one o’clock, two o’clock… (see numbers below)
rīts (reets) morning
no rīta (nuo REET•a) in the morning
pēcpusdiena (PEHTS•puhs•dyen•a) afternoon
pēcpusdienā (PEHTS•puhs•dyen•ā) in the afternoon
vakars (VAHK•ahrs) evening
vakarā (VAHK•ahr•aah) in the evening
nakts (nahkts) night
naktī (NAHK•tee) in the night
rītā (REET•aah) tomorrow
vakar (VAHK•ahr) yesterday
šodien (SHUO•dyen) today
agri/ vēlu (AH•gri/ VEHL•uh) early/ late
agrāk/ vēlāk (AH•graahk/ VEHL•aahk) earlier/ later
agrāk vai vēlāk (AH•graahk vai VEHL•aahk) sooner or later
DISTANCE and DIRECTIONS
tuvu/ tālu (TUH•vuh/ TAAHL•u) near, far
pa labi/ pa kreisi (pa LAHB•i/ pa KREHY•si) to the right/ to the left
taisni (TAYS•ni) straight
uz priekšu (uhz PRIEK•shu) forward
atpakaļ (AHT•pah•kalj) backward
cik tālu? (tsik TAHL•u) how far?
ātri/ lēni (AAHT•tri/ LEAHN•i) fast/ slow
OPPOSITES
daudz/ maz (daudz/ mahz) a lot/ a little
vairāk/ mazāk (VAY•rahk/ MAHZ•ahk) more/ less
pa daudz/ pa maz (pah daudz/ pa mahz) too much/ too little
liels/ mazs (lyels/ mahzs) big/ small
smags/ viegls (smahgs/ vyegls) heavy/ light
tumšs/ gaišs (tuhmsh/ gahysh) dark/ light
auksts/ karsts (auksts/ karsts) cold/ hot
ļoti (lyoti) very
ļoti karsts (lyoti karsts) very hot
DANGER
degošs (DEG•uosh) flammable
bīstams/ drošs (BEEST•ahms/ druosh) dangerous/ safe
uzmanaties! (UHZ•mahn•a•tyes!) watch out!
Palīgā! (PAH•leeg•aah!) help!
Nāc! (NAHTS!) come!
būs labi (buuhs LAHB•i) it will be OK
viss labi (vis LAHB•i) all’s well
dzīvs/ beigts (dzeevs/ baygts) alive/ dead
WEATHER
kāds ir laiks? (kaahds ihr lahyks?) what’s the weather like?
auksts/ silts (auksts/ sihlts) cold/ warm
skaists (SKAHY•sts) pleasant
saulains (SAUHL•ahyns) sunny
apmācies (AHP•maahts•iyes) cloudy
miglains (MIG•lahyns) foggy
mākoņi (MAAHK•uo•nyi) clouds
lietus (LYET•uhs) rain
lietains (LYET•ahyns) rainy
lietus līst (LYET•uhs leest) it’s raining
NUMBERS
viens 1 (vyens) one
divi 2 (DEE•vi) two
trīs 3 (treehs) three
četri 4 (CHET•ri) four
pieci 5 (PYETS•i) five
seši 6 (SESH•i) six
septiņi 7 (SEP•tinj•i) seven
astoņi 8 (AHS•tuonj•i) eight
deviņi 9 (DEV•inj•i) nine
desmit 10 (DES•mit) ten
vien•padsmit 11 (VYEN•pad•smit) eleven
div•padsmit 12 (DIV•pad•smit) twelve
(…)
div•desmit 20 (DIV•des•mit) twenty
div•desmit viens 21 (DIV•des•mit VYENS) twenty one
trīs•desmit 30 (TREES•desmit) thirty
trīs•desmit viens 31 (TREES•des•mit VYENS) thirty one
(…)
simts 100 (SIMTS) one hundred
divi simti 200 (DEEV•i SIMT•i) two hundred
(…)
tūkstoši 1,000 (TOOKS•tuosh•i) one thousand
divi tūkstoši 2,000 (DEEV•i TOOK•stuosh•i) two thousand
miljōni 1,000,000 (MIL•yuon•i) one million
A FEW MORE
Labu laimi! (lahb•uh LAHYM•i) Good luck!
Labas sekmes! (lahb•ahs SEK•mehs) I wish you success!
Apsveicu! (AHP•svayts•uh) Congratulations!
Daudz Laimes Dzimšanas Dienā! (daudz lahymes DZIM•shah•nahs dyen•aah) Happy Birthday!
Priecīgus Jāņus! (pryets•ee•guhs Yaah•nyuhs!) Happy Midsummer!